Kubva payakatanga, machubhu eX-ray ekurapa akaita basa guru mukuchinja kwemifananidzo yekuongorora chirwere. Machubhu aya chikamu chakakosha chemichina yeX-ray inobvumira vanachiremba kuona mukati mevarwere uye kuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunzwisisa mashandiro emukati memachubhu eX-ray ekurapa kunogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunosundira mifananidzo yekuongorora chirwere kusvika padanho idzva.
Musimboti wechubhu yeX-ray yekurapaine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: cathode neanode, zvinoshanda pamwe chete kugadzira X-ray beam. Cathode inoshanda senzvimbo yemaerekitironi ukuwo anode inoshanda sechinangwa chemaerekitironi aya. Kana simba remagetsi rikaiswa pachubhu, cathode inoburitsa rwizi rwemaerekitironi, ayo anonangidzirwa uye anokurumidziswa kuenda kune anode.
Cathode ishinda inopisa, inowanzogadzirwa netungsten, inoburitsa maerekitironi kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi thermionic emission. Simba remagetsi rinopisa shinda, zvichiita kuti maerekitironi abude pamusoro payo ogadzira gore rezvikamu zvine negative charge. Kapu ye focus yakagadzirwa ne nickel inozogadzira gore remaerekitironi kuita danda rakamanikana.
Kune rimwe divi rechubhu, anode inoshanda sechinangwa chemaerekitironi anoburitswa necathode. Anode iyi inowanzogadzirwa netungsten kana chimwe chinhu chine nhamba huru yemaatomu nekuda kwekunyunguduka kwayo kwakanyanya uye kugona kwayo kutsungirira kupisa kukuru kunokonzerwa nekubhomba kwemaerekitironi. Kana maerekitironi ane kumhanya kukuru akabonderana neanode, anokurumidza kunonoka, achiburitsa simba muchimiro cheX-ray photons.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwechubhu yeX-ray kugona kubvisa kupisa kwakawanda kunokonzerwa nekushanda. Kuti izvi zviitike, chubhu yeX-ray ine sisitimu yekutonhodza yakasimba kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuora kweanode. Masisitimu aya ekutonhodza anowanzo sanganisira kutenderera kwemafuta kana mvura yakatenderedza anode, zvichinyatso tora uye kubvisa kupisa.
Danda reX-ray rinoburitswa nechubhu rinoumbwazve uye rinotungamirwa nemacollimator, ayo anodzora saizi, simba uye chimiro chemunda weX-ray. Izvi zvinobvumira vanachiremba kuti vatarise X-rays zvakananga panzvimbo dzinofadza, vachideredza kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi kusingakoshi kuvarwere.
Kugadzirwa kwemachubhu eX-ray ekurapa kwakachinja mifananidzo yekuongorora nekupa vanachiremba chishandiso chisingakuvadzi chekuona maumbirwo emuviri wemukati. MaX-ray aratidza kukosha mukuona mapfupa akatyoka, kuona bundu uye kuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yeX-ray yakashanduka kusvika yasanganisira computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, uye mammography, zvichiwedzera kugona kwayo kuongorora.
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvakawanda zvemachubhu eX-ray, njodzi dzinogona kuitika nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemwaranzi dzinofanira kucherechedzwa. Nyanzvi dzezvekurapa dzakadzidziswa kuenzanisa mabhenefiti ekushandisa X-ray nekukuvara kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemwaranzi yakawandisa. Maitiro akasimba ekuchengetedza uye kutarisa huwandu hwemwaranzi kunoita kuti varwere vagamuchire ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuongorora uku vachideredza kusvibiswa nemwaranzi.
Muchidimbu,machubhu eX-ray ekurapazvakachinja mafungiro ekuongorora nekubvumira vanachiremba kuti vaongorore mashandiro emukati memuviri wemunhu pasina nzira dzinopindira. Dhizaini yakaoma yechubhu yeX-ray ine cathode, anode uye sisitimu yekutonhodza inogadzira mifananidzo yeX-ray yemhando yepamusoro kuti ibatsire mukuongorora kwakarurama. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi, tinogona kutarisira kuvandudzwa kwakawanda mumifananidzo yeX-ray kuti ibatsire varwere nevashandi vezvehutano.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-28-2023